Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Publish-Subscribe
Client-Server
Point-to-Multipoint
Trusting all devices by default
Verifying and validating all devices, regardless of location
Disabling all security features
Trusting devices only within a closed network
MQTT
CoAP
HTTP
TCP
Measure air pressure
Detect changes in temperature
Monitor air quality for specific gases
Measure humidity
Smart Cities
Smart Grids
Smart Transportation
Smart Buildings
Measure magnetic field strength
Monitor air quality
A lock operated by a digital key
Securing digital files in the cloud
A type of encryption algorithm
An authentication mechanism for IoT devices
Limited device diversity
Low energy consumption
Scalability issues
Standardized protocols
Detect changes in humidity
Monitor angular position or tilt
Measure light intensity
Zigbee
Bluetooth
LoRaWAN
Wi-Fi
Monitor UV radiation levels
A physical layer of security
A software update to fix security vulnerabilities
Biometric authentication
A secure communication protocol
Smart Agriculture
Smart Healthcare
Monitor sound levels
A virtual wallet for storing cryptocurrency
An encryption method for securing IoT data
A sensor for detecting digital signatures
A communication protocol for IoT devices
Authentication
Authorization
Encryption
Firewalls
Monitor air quality for smoke particles
OPC UA (OPC Unified Architecture)
A virtual representation of a physical object
A unique identification code for IoT devices
A cryptographic technique to ensure data integrity