WHERE
GROUP BY
JOIN
HAVING
Manages user-defined functions
Controls error handling in stored procedures
Handles exceptions in transactions
Manages event scheduling
Returns the next value in a result set based on a specified order
Calculates the average value for each group of rows
Retrieves the previous value in a result set based on a specified order
Performs a left outer join between tables
CREATE INDEX
MAKE INDEX
UNIQUE INDEX
ADD INDEX
Repeats a string a specified number of times
Returns the position of a substring in a string
Concatenates two or more strings
Rounds a numeric value to the nearest integer
ALTER COLUMN
MODIFY COLUMN
CHANGE COLUMN
CONVERT COLUMN
Returns the first non-null expression among its arguments
Concatenates rows into a single string based on a specified condition
Calculates the average value of numeric column values
Retrieves the maximum value among the specified expressions
A key used for sorting the table
A unique identifier for a record in a table
A key used for encryption
A column or a set of columns in a table that refers to the primary key of another table
POSITION()
LOCATE()
FIND()
SEARCH()
Converts a date to a string with a specified format
Adds a specified number of days to a date
Retrieves the current date and time
Returns the difference between two dates
DROP CONSTRAINT
REMOVE CONSTRAINT
ALTER TABLE
DELETE CONSTRAINT
Deletes all records from a table
Retrieves data from a table
Performs a specific action when an event occurs
Adds a new column to a table
Retrieves the minimum value in a column
Counts the number of rows in a result set
EXCLUDE
IGNORE
WHERE NOT
NOT
Removes all records from a table
Trims leading and trailing spaces from a string
Deletes a specific column from a table
SELF JOIN
INNER JOIN
CROSS JOIN
LEFT JOIN
Displays the structure of a table
Shows the relationships between tables
Lists all columns in a table
Retrieves the values in a specific column
REVOKE ALL
DENY ALL PRIVILEGES
REVOKE PRIVILEGES
REMOVE ALL PRIVILEGES
Checks if a table exists in the database
Tests for the existence of rows in a subquery
Checks if a column exists in a table
Tests for the existence of a database
Raises an error and terminates the query
Returns the highest value in a column
Adds an error message to the database log
Resets the error counter
