Star
Ring
Tree
Binary
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
UDP
IP
TCP
HTTP
File sharing
Database management
Peer-to-peer connection
Web hosting
Physical
Network
Data Link
Transport
To divide the network into subnetworks
To allocate IP addresses
To provide a default gateway
To encrypt data
OSPF
ICMP
Ethernet
Faster data transmission
Easier network management
Reduced cost of hardware
Larger bandwidth allocation
Subnetting
MAC address filtering
VLAN
CSMA/CD
The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time
The time taken to send a message from one point to another
The speed at which the data packets are received
The delay between data transmission and reception
The total number of packets sent over the network
The amount of data loss during transmission
The signal strength between two nodes
The amount of time data spends in transit
Bandwidth is always higher than throughput
Bandwidth and throughput are the same
Bandwidth defines the theoretical maximum data rate, while throughput is the actual data rate achieved
Throughput is always higher than bandwidth
Physical layer
Data Link layer
Transport layer
Application layer
Error detection and correction
Routing
Flow control
Framing
Encryption
Multiplexing
Segmentation
Wi-Fi Protected Access
Wireless Protected Access
Wired Protected Access
Wireless Private Access
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
100 Mbps
600 Mbps
WEP
WPA
WEP2
WPA2
To identify the data rate of the network
To encrypt the wireless data
To control access to the router
To uniquely identify a wireless network
